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GuidelineCore resource
Fix the maintenance - Promoting the safety of year-round bicycle and pedestrian route usage in Finnish cities
Timo Perälä, Matti Hirvonen, Martti Tulenheimo, Pekka Tahkola · 2024 · Finland
A practical guide for Finnish municipalities on improving year-round maintenance of walking and cycling infrastructure. It highlights the safety, health and economic benefits of high-quality winter maintenance and provides recommendations for winter-resilient infrastructure design, maintenance prioritisation, service procurement, quality management and winter maintenance methods.
- Maintenance & Operations
- Health, Safety & Wellbeing
GuidelineCore resource
Snow Space Guide – guidelines for a better winter
Eeva Huuhtanen, Timo Perälä · 2024 · Finland
A comprehensive guide to handling snow and dimensioning snow storage space in the urban environment. It explains why year-round planning matters and how it supports municipalities' strategic goals, and walks through every stage of the built-environment process, from legislation and strategic planning to street-space supervision. Intended for commissioners, planners, builders and maintenance operators in both the public and private sectors.
- Planning & Design
- Maintenance & Operations
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
ToolkitCore resource
YRAM - Diagnostics and intervention toolkit
Milos Mladenovic · 2024 · Baltic Sea Region
This toolkit is a collaborative workspace for developing innovative solutions for Year-Round Active Mobility in darkness and all-weather conditions. It offers a systematic method for mobility planners and managers to go from a wish to improve active mobility to develop a systematic plan for implementation. The toolkit consists of 8 modules, each presented on a canvas that helps stakeholders explore challenges, structure ideas and co-create solutions together. There are three flexible ways to use the canvases tailored to different levels of time, ambition, team-size and data: 1) Solo sprint, 2) Starter workshop and 3) Deep dive. The canvases can viewed on Miro and used as digital PDFs or printed to paper (A1or A2 format suggested). You find detailed instructions on how to use the materials from the Toolkit pdf-file. This toolkit is part of Output 2.3 of the BATS project.
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
- Communication & Engagement
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
GuidelineCore resource
Handbook for Sweep-Salting of Cycleways
Anna Niska, Göran Blomqvist, Tomas Stomberg · 2023 · Sweden
A practical handbook for implementing sweep-salting on cycleways, covering route planning, equipment, salt application, operational procedures and performance monitoring. It combines research findings with practical experience and provides checklists, templates and training materials for winter maintenance professionals.
- Maintenance & Operations
- Data & Monitoring
Research
Revealing the impact of weather on changes in individual-level habitual cycling frequencies using a Bayesian framework
Yangqian Cai, Mads Paulsen · 2026 · Switzerland
This study uses longitudinal GPS data from 698 cyclists in Switzerland to investigate how weather conditions influence changes in habitual cycling frequency. Using Bayesian changepoint detection, it identifies the effects of snowfall, precipitation and temperature, while highlighting differences associated with e-bike ownership and cycling experience.
- Data & Monitoring
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
Report
Development of Diagnostics-Interventions Toolkit for Enabling Year-Round Active Mobility
Miloš N. Mladenović · 2024 · Baltic Sea Region
Report describes the development of Diagnostics-Interventions Toolkit for diagnosing contextualized challenges and responding to those with identifying adequate interventions. The development of this toolkit has been done in close collaboration between planning practitioners and researchers, through a series of questionnaires, interviews, site visits, and workshops, supported by research-based and professional literature scans, all integrated through soft systems methods.
- Planning & Design
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
ResearchReport
Factors Influencing the Promotion of Year-round Active Mobility in the Baltic Sea Region
An Duong · 2024 · Estonia, Lithuania, Poland
A comparative study examining institutional, political and urban planning factors that influence the promotion of year-round walking and cycling in Harju County (Estonia), Klaipėda (Lithuania) and Gdynia (Poland). Based on questionnaires, document analysis and expert interviews, the research identifies insufficient funding, limited political support and weak institutional cooperation as major barriers, while highlighting the importance of integrated planning, infrastructure and maintenance.
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
Research
Overview of Pedestrian Research: Focus on Costs for Winter Road Maintenance and Injured Pedestrians and Pedestrian Counts
Jenny Eriksson, Anna K. Arvidsson · 2024 · Sweden
A research review examining the costs of winter maintenance and pedestrian fall injuries in Sweden, alongside methods for measuring pedestrian volumes and movement patterns. It highlights the substantial societal costs of winter-related falls compared with maintenance expenditure, while identifying major gaps in pedestrian counting and exposure data.
- Maintenance & Operations
- Data & Monitoring
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
- Health, Safety & Wellbeing
Research
Managing Snow in an Arctic City: Urban Political Ecology Approach
Birgitta Vinkka, Jarno Valkonen · 2023 · Finland
A qualitative study examining urban snow management in Rovaniemi, Finland, through the lens of urban political ecology. Based on interviews with urban planners and architects, the chapter explores how snow is simultaneously treated as an operational challenge, a financial burden and an asset for the winter city, highlighting the political, cultural and economic dimensions of snow management.
- Planning & Design
- Maintenance & Operations
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
Research
Pedestrians’ and bicyclists’ route choice during winter conditions
Magne Fossum, Eirin Olaussen Ryeng · 2022 · Norway
This Norwegian study investigates how winter surface conditions and maintenance service levels influence route choices among pedestrians and cyclists. Combining surveys of 1,677 pedestrians and 736 experienced winter cyclists with a field experiment in Trondheim, the researchers found that 55.5% of pedestrians and 48.6% of cyclists sometimes or very often choose different routes in winter. Pedestrians were particularly concerned about slippery surfaces, while cyclists were more likely to avoid loose snow that makes cycling physically demanding. In the field experiment, snow and slush reduced pedestrian use of a route compared with bare pavement, but no statistically significant corresponding effect was identified for cyclists. The findings help winter maintenance authorities distinguish between pedestrian and cyclist needs when prioritising snow clearance, surface evenness and skid prevention.
- Maintenance & Operations
- Data & Monitoring
- Behaviour & Mobility Management

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