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ReportCore resource
Year-Round Active Mobility: Insights into Mobility Management Approaches
Ida Lundström, Josefine Wigström, Naomi Zerai, Zein Anani, Camilla Sandberg, Dennis Martínez-Moro, Juliette Ténart · 2026 · Baltic Sea Region
Year-Round Active Mobility: Insights into Mobility Management Approaches is a collection of eight thematic insight sheets developed by Umeå Municipality and Bax Innovation within the BATS project. The publication explores practical approaches to making walking and cycling safer, more accessible and more attractive throughout the year, particularly during periods of snow, ice, darkness and challenging weather conditions. The insight sheets cover winter maintenance, citizen participation in monitoring maintenance quality, intelligent transport systems, projected traffic signage, perceived security in dark environments, campaigns in educational institutions and services supporting year-round cycling. Concrete examples from BATS partner cities include Winter Scouts and Winter Agents programmes in Umeå and Porvoo, where residents help monitor winter maintenance conditions; weather-adaptive traffic signal control in Gdynia; Gobo light projections in Umeå and Hamburg-Altona to improve visibility and guidance; and solar-powered lighting solutions for cycling routes in Kalundborg. Other examples include winter e-bike lending, winter tyre services, secure bicycle storage and school-based campaigns encouraging active mobility. Each thematic sheet combines an introduction to the approach with practical implementation examples, considerations and lessons learned. The sheets are designed to be used independently or together as planning and workshop materials. The publication serves as a practical reference and source of transferable ideas for municipalities, transport planners and mobility practitioners. It illustrates how different cities have tested solutions to seasonal mobility challenges, while recognising that the examples do not necessarily provide conclusive evidence of long-term effectiveness or represent entirely new innovations.
- Planning & Design
- Maintenance & Operations
- Data & Monitoring
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
- Communication & Engagement
- Health, Safety & Wellbeing
GuidelineCore resource
Citizen Activation Guide: Promoting Year-Round Active Mobility (YRAM)
Tallinn University of Technology · 2025 · Baltic Sea Region
The Citizen Activation Guide (CAG), developed by Tallinn University of Technology as part of the BATS project, provides a practical framework for municipalities and mobility planners to engage residents and encourage year-round active mobility, particularly during colder and darker seasons. The guide is structured around three questions: WHY citizen engagement is needed, TO WHOM activities should be targeted, and HOW participation and behaviour change can be supported. It explains how to assess local mobility conditions, identify residents' needs, motivations and barriers, develop user personas, and select appropriate participatory or behavioural approaches. Practical guidance covers communication campaigns, focus groups, workshops, digital mapping, public meetings, walking and cycling field visits, citizen advisory committees, and nudging techniques. The accompanying CAG Canvas supports systematic planning, while templates for resident surveys, focus groups and campaign checklists help practitioners implement and evaluate engagement activities. The guide also includes examples from seven BATS pilot areas across the Baltic Sea Region and links citizen engagement activities to monitoring and evaluation. It is particularly useful for cities seeking to move beyond generic awareness campaigns towards targeted, evidence-informed approaches that address the specific barriers preventing people from walking and cycling throughout the year.
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
- Communication & Engagement
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
ResearchReportCore resource
Sustainable Promotion of Cycling in Winter through Optimised Winter Road Maintenance (WinRad)
Christian Holldorb, Jan Riel, Tim Wiesler, Thorsten Cypra, Niklas März · 2024 · Germany
A comprehensive German research report examining how optimised winter maintenance can support year-round cycling. Based on field studies in Karlsruhe, Cologne and Munich, cyclist surveys, de-icing material experiments and cost-benefit assessments, it provides evidence-based recommendations for winter maintenance operations, cycling infrastructure design and service prioritisation. Short version to be dowloaded: https://fops.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/BASt-FK-04-2024-WinRad.pdf
- Planning & Design
- Maintenance & Operations
- Data & Monitoring
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
ToolkitCore resource
Winter Cities Toolkit
8 80 Cities · 2021 · Canada, United States
An online toolkit developed through the Wintermission programme, providing practical resources for creating inclusive, active and welcoming public spaces during winter. It includes community engagement methods, winter life surveys, action planning worksheets, snow management policy examples and winter city strategies, drawing on experiences from three US cities.
- Planning & Design
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
- Communication & Engagement
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
Method
Advancing Commuter Cycling in Espoo: Results from a Co-Creation Workshop Series
City of Espoo, Cycling4Climate · 2026 · Finland
This booklet documents the More (than) Biking Lab, a co-creation process organised in Espoo, Finland, to promote commuter cycling through collaboration with employers. The process involved seven employer organisations, three thematic workshops and three pilot clinics, including a workshop dedicated to winter commuting by bicycle. The publication presents practical ideas for workplace-based interventions, employee engagement and small-scale experiments to overcome barriers to cycling. It offers a transferable model for municipalities and employers seeking to encourage year-round active commuting, while documenting intervention development rather than proven long-term changes in travel behaviour.
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
Research
Heat stress and active travel, an eight-year national analysis in The Netherlands
Maarten Hogeweij, Coen Bongers, Kevin Raaphorst, Huub Ploegmakers · 2026 · Netherlands
This nationwide Dutch study investigates how heat stress affects walking and cycling behaviour using travel survey data from 178,247 respondents across eight summers (2016–2023). It examines how thermal conditions influence both the decision to travel and the duration of active travel, distinguishing between commuting and recreational journeys. The findings reveal that walking and cycling generally increase with warmer conditions but decline once heat stress becomes severe, particularly for recreational trips. Work-related active travel is less responsive to heat, suggesting that commuters may have fewer opportunities to adapt their travel behaviour. The study also explores whether urban tree canopy cover mitigates the negative effects of heat, finding limited and inconsistent evidence. The results highlight the importance of heat-resilient urban design and policies that support safe, accessible walking and cycling during increasingly frequent hot weather.
- Data & Monitoring
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
Research
Revealing the impact of weather on changes in individual-level habitual cycling frequencies using a Bayesian framework
Yangqian Cai, Mads Paulsen · 2026 · Switzerland
This study uses longitudinal GPS data from 698 cyclists in Switzerland to investigate how weather conditions influence changes in habitual cycling frequency. Using Bayesian changepoint detection, it identifies the effects of snowfall, precipitation and temperature, while highlighting differences associated with e-bike ownership and cycling experience.
- Data & Monitoring
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
Report
Transnational Evaluation Report of BATS -project's Piloting Activities
Miloš N. Mladenović, Isabel Scherer, Lukas Junghanns, Konrad Biszko, Anne Põder · 2026 · Baltic Sea Region
The Transnational Evaluation Report of Piloting Activities examines the development, testing and refinement of three interconnected planning tools created within the BATS project: the Diagnostics-Interventions Toolkit, the Monitoring Guide and the Citizen Activation Guide. Prepared by researchers from Aalto University, Gdańsk University of Technology and Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), the report draws on collaboration with seven municipalities and regional partners across the Baltic Sea Region. The evaluation describes how the tools were developed through literature reviews, interviews, questionnaires, co-design workshops, prototype testing and iterative feedback from municipal practitioners. The tools were tested alongside local year-round active mobility experiments addressing infrastructure, traffic management, winter maintenance and citizen activation in Hamburg, Umeå, Gdynia, Kalundborg, Harju County, Porvoo and Klaipėda. The report examines how practitioner feedback influenced the structure, usability and practical relevance of each tool. It highlights differences in municipal capabilities, data availability, planning cultures and organisational needs, demonstrating why a common transnational framework must remain adaptable to local circumstances. Key lessons include the importance of involving practitioners throughout tool development, integrating tool testing into pilot planning from the beginning, and using short feedback cycles to refine methods. The evaluation also emphasises that tools must be clear, visually accessible and directly applicable to everyday municipal work, with practical templates, checklists and examples rather than unnecessary methodological complexity. Beyond individual tools, the report identifies organisational learning as a central requirement for improving year-round active mobility planning. It argues that cities need to strengthen their capabilities in communicative planning, user-centred design, strategic monitoring and cross-departmental collaboration, while addressing institutional barriers such as fragmented responsibilities, limited resources and insufficient implementation commitment. The publication is particularly relevant for municipalities, researchers and project coordinators developing practical planning tools through international cooperation. It provides transferable lessons on co-creation, pilot-based tool development, institutional capacity building and the translation of research-based methods into usable municipal planning practices.
- Maintenance & Operations
- Data & Monitoring
- Behaviour & Mobility Management
- Policy, Strategy & Governance
Guideline
Community-driven small sport facilities
Dan Kollar · 2025 · Slovakia, Austria
This practical guide explores how community-driven, small-scale sports facilities can promote inclusive physical activity, independent mobility and stronger neighbourhoods year-round. Featuring six European case studies, it highlights grassroots initiatives, participatory planning, funding approaches and cooperation with municipalities, offering lessons for creating accessible sports and play spaces close to home.
- Planning & Design
- Health, Safety & Wellbeing
Dataset
Dutch National Cycling Winter Maintenance Routes Dataset
Fietsersbond; Rijkswaterstaat · 2025 · Netherlands
An open national geospatial dataset identifying cycling routes designated for winter gritting and snow or ice treatment across the Netherlands. Compiled using Fietsersbond cycling network data and linked to the Dutch National Road Database (NWB), it enables municipalities, researchers and developers to map winter maintenance coverage, analyse network continuity and identify potential service gaps. The data is available in GIS-compatible formats, including CSV, GeoPackage and Shapefile. It describes designated treatment routes rather than verified real-time road conditions
- Maintenance & Operations
- Data & Monitoring

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