Efficient Public Underground Pedestrian Space in a Cold-Climate City: A Case Study of Sapporo, Japan

Summary

This study examines the role of underground pedestrian infrastructure in supporting year-round walking in Sapporo, Japan, a city characterised by cold winters and substantial snowfall. Focusing on the ChiKaHo underground pedestrian network, the researchers analyse pedestrian count data from 2019–2022 to investigate seasonal variations in pedestrian activity and the use of weather-protected public space. At the observation points studied, winter pedestrian volumes were 31–59% higher than in summer, highlighting the importance of sheltered pedestrian connections during harsh weather conditions. The study offers insights into how underground pedestrian networks can support accessibility, connectivity and everyday mobility in cold-climate cities. It provides a useful case study for urban planners considering the integration of protected pedestrian routes into year-round active mobility systems.

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